BECAUSE THAT’S THE WAY IT'S ALWAYS BEEN AROUND HERE!
Sound familiar? This concept has no borders. It is found in our homes and in our places of business. It is passed on from
individual to individual and even from group to group.
This concept can be illustrated by an experiment conducted by scientists involving a group of five monkeys and a banana.
Inside a cage, a banana hangs down from the ceiling as it dangles on a piece of string just above a set of stairs. Before
long, one of the monkeys walks over towards the banana and as soon as he touches the stairs all of the other monkeys get
sprayed with ice-cold water.
After a while, another monkey makes an attempt to get to the banana and with the same result - all the monkeys get sprayed
with ice-cold water. A few minutes go by and a third monkey makes an attempt to get to the banana. However, this time, all
the other monkeys aggressively tackled him and prevent him from touching the stairs because they believed they would all
be sprayed with ice-cold water.
Now, after turning off the cold water, a monkey is removed from the cage and replaced with a new monkey.
Once inside the cage, the new monkey sees the banana and begins walking towards the stairs and immediately, to his
surprise and horror, all of the other monkeys began to attack him. This same monkey tries a second time to reach the
stairs and is attacked once again.
Finally, the monkey realizes that if he tries to climb the stairs he will be attacked and decides to make no more attempts
to get to the banana.
Then, just as before, one of the original monkeys is removed from the cage and is replaced with a new monkey.
Once again, the new monkey sees the banana and begins walking towards the stairs and, just like the other monkey, is
attacked. Surprisingly, even the previous newcomer takes part in the attack with enthusiasm.
Finally, a third original monkey is replaced with a new monkey. And, just as before, as the new monkey makes it to the
stairs to try to get to the banana the other monkeys attack him.
Even the new monkeys, which had never experienced being sprayed with cold water, attack the new monkey with no idea as
to why they are attacking him. They don’t even know why they are not permitted to climb the stairs.
As a result of all of this, any new monkey that is placed with the group will continue with this behavior so that no
monkey can ever climb the stairs to get to the banana.
And why is this? Well, as far as they know it’s because,
“That’s the way it's always been around here!”
Unfortunately, it appears that this mentality has found its way into the martial arts community.
Asking why a technique is used or how effective the technique is will usually result in one of the most common answers
being given in response to these types of questions – “Because that’s the way we’ve always done it”.
That is why Kapap students are taught to open their mind and to feel free to evaluate a technique to confirm it is both
realistic and effective.
Remember, only dead fish swim with the flow!
If a technique works then continue to use it and if it doesn’t, then get rid of it, regardless of the martial arts system.
It could be Kendo, Karate, Kali, Tae Kwon Do, or any of the other martial arts systems.
That’s the beauty of Kapap - evolution and evaluation, truly an open-minded martial art and keeps searching the
traditional martial art.
“As a former OFFICIAL instructor to the Israeli Army, Police, and the Elite Counter Terrorist Unit in hand-to-hand
combat and CQB, I feel I am "official" enough to teach Israeli martial arts."
That is why I have chosen to name my academy the KAPAP Academy (Based on the original name of the first and original
Israel martial art).
As for the politics of comparing one martial arts style to another or saying this Israeli system is better than that
Israeli system, I like what Dan Inosanto, a legendary martial artist said:
We are all climbing different paths through the mountain of life and we have all experienced much hardship and
strife.
There are many paths through the mountain of life, and some climbs can be felt like the point of a knife.
Some paths are short and others are long, but who can say which path is right or wrong?
The beauty of truth is that each path has its own song, and if you listen closely you will find where you belong.
So climb your own path true and strong, but respect all other truths for your way for them could be wrong."
Dan Inosanto
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KRAV MAGA, A GENERALIZATION
By Lt. Colonel Chaim Peer, Major Moni Aizik, Major Avi Nardia, Johan Castillo.
Krav Maga is a beautiful martial art, created by one of the most influential and leading instructors in Israel’s history.
However Krav Maga is a generalized term, and when you look it up in the dictionary in Israel, it will say that Krav Maga
is a hand-to-hand fighting system based on close quarters combat. Maga meaning close, and Krav meaning battle.
Around the 70’s and 80’s, Krav Maga was introduced to the civilian sector by one of the most respected Israeli instructors
of Israeli CQB, Imi Lichtenfield, or as others know him, Imi Or-Sadeh. And most of his knowledge was based upon experience.
Because Army and Law Enforcement agencies around the world have a limited amount of time in which to teach the participants
the program, many of the CQB systems will be based on simplicity and the techniques will be basic, thus allowing the
participant to learn and perform the techniques in a quick and timely manner.
Another factor that comes into play is liability. What is taught to the military sector is definitely not taught to the
law enforcement sector, and what is taught to that sector is not taught to the civilian sector. The threat levels are
simply not the same, so the techniques must vary.
The majority of Israeli CQB instructors in the civilian sector are not all necessarily the same CQB instructors at the
Israeli Military, Law Enforcement and Secret Service Academies in Israel. The only common denominator is that they use
the generalized term, "Krav Maga".
Ran Cohen, a former Israeli Secret Service instructor, and also close friend of mine, uses the term Operational Krav Maga.
Another former instructor after Imi Lichtenfield, Eli Avikazar, switched the name to Krav Magen, while others simply use
the term Krav Maga. Lt. Colonel Chaim Peer uses Kapap / Lotar, Major Moni Aizik uses Edge Combat, while Miki Erez, Niel
Farber and Moti Horenstein use Kavana and Hisardut Survival.
I was blessed with the opportunity be a Krav Maga instructor for the Israeli defense force (IDF ) and Hagana Hatzmit
instructor for Law Enforcement at the Operational Police Academy in Israel, and also a Lotar instructor for Israel’s top
Elite Counter Terrorist Unit. In doing so, I was exposed to all the different concepts and levels of what everyone is
calling "Krav Maga".
While the Army uses the term Krav Maga, the Police Academy uses the term Hagana Atsmit, which really means self-defense.
The police want to convey an image of self-defense for arrest and control, a less lethal approach than that of the
military. At the same time, the counter-terrorism unit, which at one time used the term "LochamaZeira", meaning
micro combat, now use the term Lotar, which is counter-terrorism.Here we have the same situation as mentioned
above about the different sectors. A military unit that is only doing intelligence gathering does not need the
same type of CQB training as a unit that performs high-risk procedures.
The term encompasses Israeli Filipino Knife Fighting, Israeli Judo, Israeli Jiu-jitsu (Hisardut) and more.
My medical insurance in Israel says that I cannot do skydiving, skiing or Krav Maga. That does not mean Krav Maga, it
means any martial arts at all.
So now a group has left the military and started teaching to the civilian sector, and they call their martial art Krav
Maga. And for that reason Krav Maga is now being known as a style.
The term Krav Maga to Israel is like the term Karate is to Japan. To be more specific, if you are training in Japanese
Karate, do you know Shotokan, Kyokoshin Kai, Wado Ryu? These styles all have different founders and are different
organizations, but they are all Karate.Anyone who says that they teach Krav Maga is not being specific, unlike Eli
Avikazar’s Krav Magen. For this reason when I came out for civilians I decided to be more specific as to what style
I do.
I have worked with other former Special Forces instructors like Major Moni Isaac and Lt.Colonel Chaim Pe’er, and the
experience that each of us brings to the table is different than that of the other. For that reason we know we must
be more specific. We are very different than Krav Maga.
My father started training years ago when Israel was created as Kapap, and it is from this that my style comes from,
even if today some people call the style Lotar.My conclusion is that there is no way anyone can own or copyright the
name Krav Maga, it is simply too general. There has already been a case involved with the copyrighting of the term
"Brazilian Jiu-jitsu" and the person suing lost, the term was too general.
About the Authors:
Lt.Colonel Chaim Peer the president of Kapap – Lotar (www.kapap.net) student of Imi Lichtenfeld and from the first
Krav Maga instructors in Israel and one of top Lotar instructors for the IDF , served in Israeli special forces and
run Tel Aviv university combat club, in between his students the top secret service instructors, Elite Counter
Terrorist Unit instructors and troops as civilians.
Major Moni Aizik served in the Israeli Special forces and from the creators of Krav Maga and the Israeli Martial arts
and Hand to Hand Moni Aizik was teaching Krav Maga (his way of Krav Maga – Edge combat) also at his Maccabi Tel Aviv
school from 1970 to 1985! in between his student Yael Arad –Israel Judo champion and olympic games Siver medal, Carlos
Newton Pride and UFC and Vale Tudo Champion, Avi Nardia from the leading Israeli hand to hand
Email: jiujitsusamurai@hotmail.com.
Major Avi Nardia is one of Israel’s top Hand-to-Hand instructors in the arts of Kapap, Lotar, Hagana Hatzmit and
Krav Maga. He served as an instructor in Israel for 24 years, training military, law Enforcement and Special Forces
units in Israel and all over the world.
Email: avi@avinardia.com   www.avinardia.com
  
www.kapap.net
Johan Castillo a Brazilian Jiu-jutsu instructor as well as Israeli Krav Maga instructor and Kapap Lotar and Kavana
instructor that teach for army troops hand to hand program
Email: johnnyjiujitsu@yahoo.com   
www.stompingass.com
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ISRAELI MARTIAL ARTS AND DEADLY MISTAKES IN GUN DISARMING!!
Gun disarming is one of the most important skills you want to obtain when training in a martial art that claims to be
about self-defense.
Now that reality based martial arts have become extremely popular, many so called reality based instructors have started
to show knife/gun disarming techniques without realizing that they contain deadly mistakes that can get their students
killed!!
I asked my friend and teacher Avi Nardia to talk about the subject of gun disarming.
Avi Nardia is a former intelligence team member and CQB instructor of the Elite Counter Terrorist Unit, Israel's premier
counter-terror (takeover) unit, equivalent to the U.S. Delta Force and F.B.I Hostage Rescue Team(Matkal and Yamam are
the only Israeli special force units; all others are assistance units).
Avi Nardia’s Israeli CQB system, also known as Kapap, has been recognized by Jim Wagner, founder of Reality Based Martial
Arts, as the first Israeli Reality Based system.
Avi is one of the top instructors of CQB Defensive Tactics in the Israeli Army and Police, and I think the only Israeli
martial arts instructor in the world who was an official instructor of the Israeli Army, Police and Special Forces.
In his 24 years of experience, he earned the rank of major in the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF), and trained armed forces
all over the world, including SWAT, SRT, SERT teams, special forces, corrections officers, Army and Marine units and
counter terror units. To this day, he is a CQB trainer in the IDF Reserves, as well as a Reserve Police Sniper.
As we met, he smiled, took off his shoes and began to tell me about Israeli CQB and martial arts.
He started with his basic principles:
Any weapon – one mind.
Always a student, sometimes a teacher.
Better to remain a student of reality than a master of illusion.
Knives never run out of ammo or jam, that’s why edged weapon are the most dangerous.
The Israeli CQB Art of Kapap has been written in special ink, called blood. The knowledge came from experience, many
times by making tragic mistakes, then studying the results to understand what needs to be done the next time.
Unfortunately, Israel is the most experienced nation in the world when it comes to Terror, and that is why it has
developed one of the most valued CQB training systems in the world.
CQB is about evaluation and evolution.
A few hundred years ago, archery was a combat tool, while today it has evolved into a traditional martial art (i.e.
Kyudo, Zen and the Way of Archery). An arrow is an edged weapon, which is projected to a target, using a bow, allowing
the fighter to attack his enemy from a distance. A bullet, while not exactly an edged weapon, is projected to the target,
by means of gunpowder, allowing the fighter to attack his enemy from a distance. Guns are the archery of modern times and
we see them as an integral part of modern Israeli martial arts. And let’s not forget that when you disarm a gun you must
know how to retain it and use it later.
Israeli CQB training owes its development to many names. Though most are missing from any list you will find (and never
declared them self as “Masters “), all have donated to the art, and no individual can claim sole ownership.
To understand more, research names such as Hanna Senesh, Solomon Aruch (as shown in the film Triumph of the Spirit),
Meir Har Tzion, 11 Olympic Athletes massacred in Munich, Daniel Pearl and Ron Arad. If you don’t understand the roots
and culture you won’t get it.
In Kapap we don't bow and don't give belts, since this is the way of Japanese martial arts and culture, not Israeli.
Actually, according to Jewish (and also Muslim) culture, we are not allowed to bow unless it is to God, whereas in
Japanese culture bowing is a part of saying hello.
Official instructors in the army and police never awarded belts.
Either you are the student or the instructor.
If you are the student you don't need a belt - you need to be empty to get it all, and if you think you are a black belt
you missed the point of CQB.
An army or police teacher will often find himself teaching one day and fighting alongside his students the next.
The most valued part of Israeli CQB is the fighting spirit, just as in traditional martial arts. Traditional and modern
CQB such as Kapap are the same and work side by side.
Kapap was the first CQB training introduced in Israeli history and was based on stick fighting, knives, guns, and
hand-to-hand and even stone throwing in the old days. The idea of any CQB is fight with what you have at hand…
One day I was asked what is the best gun? And I answered that it is the gun that you have in your hand when you need it.
That is also the main idea behind Israeli CQB.
Today, there are people claim to own it or be the sole representative, when they actually know very little and have
never even set foot in Israeli Martial arts, and they are giving Israeli arts a bad image among serious martial artists.
Evaluation and evolution must be done for every technique to see if it fits our aims. Kapap is based on evaluating a
technique to determine whether it can be done by any solider (for civilians, whether it can be done by the weakest man
or woman).
It needs to be easy to teach (there could be a better technique but if you don’t have years to train it, start with an
easier one). You look for simple, fast techniques to study and remember.
The importance of this point was emphasized to me recently when I had the pleasure of meeting one of the first Kapap
instructors in Israel, Abe Drori, who lives in Los Angeles. At the age of 70, he suddenly found himself facing a 45
magnum in a downtown LA alley. He used an old Kapap technique and disarmed the assailant.
Another important consideration is liability. When teaching military CQB, you can stay in the killing zone, but for a
civilian, after disarming a knife you don’t want to kill the guy and go to jail.
When teaching police CQB, there are other considerations. Any police defensive tactics program must be approved legally,
medically and politically. You don’t want to turn on your television and see a policeman kicking someone.
Two years ago I introduced the Kapap system to the American public, since I didn’t like the commercial way in which
Israeli martial arts were being presented to civilians. More importantly, since the people claiming to teach it were
never instructors in the Israeli army, police or secret service, the “Israeli” martial arts being taught were full of
mistakes and many times were being taught as fitness. Israeli martial arts are not some kind of popular aerobic kickboxing,
they are martial arts of self defense!!
When someone is going to kick you, your life is not at risk, only your ego… but when someone pulls a knife or gun on you,
you need to know how, when and if to act.
Let’s get back to Gun Disarming.
You have seven basic points for gun disarming.
1. First and foremost is Luck
…sometimes you can do every thing right and you die… that's because life is different than what we think we know. In
reality, anything can happen and even if you don’t make a mistake something can surprise you.
For example, in the September 11 report there was Israeli former Special Forces man named Daniel Levin (rest in peace)
who was flying on a business trip on one of the flights.
When the terrorists acted he jumped on one of them and start to fight with him, as most Israelis would do, since their
mindset is to fight a terrorist and not to sit back and wait.
Another terrorist that was sitting there as a sleeper stabbed him in his back and he became the first victim of September
11 and got his act mentioned in the September 11 official report. So even when you operate correctly, life can surprise
you.
I have a friend who is a Lotar instructor at the Army who jumped on a suicide bomber and arrest him alive. When he told
me how he did it I was amazed that he didn’t die in the attempt. So many times we talk about luck… and that's the first
point!!
2. Field of Fire
– that is understanding the direction and distance or point of fire of the weapon, as well as the distance or range in
which the ammunition can cause harm, including ricochettes.
You can't disarm a shotgun as you would a handgun - the ammo is different.
Many times I see "experts" moving the shot gun aside but they are still within the field of fire, and that’s the last
place you want to be.
3. Understanding Gun Technology
Understanding the weapon and how it is utilized. Remember edged weapons never run out of ammo but guns do. Firearms can
jam or malfunction.
With proper instruction you can learn techniques to effectively cause a weapon's malfunction while disarming an attacker.
It is for this reason an understanding of a firearm’s mechanism is of paramount importance.
You should be able to understand and identify the differences between a revolver and a semi automatic weapon; the
difference between a Handgun and a Shotgun or Rifle.
Also don't forget that after you disarm the gun it is in your hand now. Since you don't want to start grappling with
your enemy, who may be stronger than you, you need to know how to use it. You need to be very good with guns since the
weapon you now have in your hand may not be the one you would choose to buy in a store… it's the gun your enemy had.
For this reason, all of my students, from a certain level, must have experience shooting with a variety of weapons.
We hold special training sessions at a shooting range with different shooting scenarios. I teach them to clean any jam
under stress and to make the gun function. I also teach liability issues when shooting - for example you don't want to
shoot an enemy if he is escaping (as civilian).
4. Situation Evaluation
Evaluate in an attempt to control the psychological aspect of your situation. Focus and stay in control of your emotions.
For most students, training is required to stay calm and focused internally in spite of your outward appearance. Your body
language can easily escalate an already emotionally charged situation. The attacker's body language can provide clues as to
his intentions.
You must train to begin an understanding of techniques in attempting to control the situation verbally and physically.
You must evaluate the attacker. Is he a punk kid that is very excited and seemingly inexperienced or is he a professional
criminal that is under control?
Understand that if you see the weapon, it is probable that the attacker does not have the intention to just shoot, the
attacker wants something. This behavior on the part of the attacker can allow you valuable moments, giving you the time
to make choices. To defend or not to defend.
Also if he asks only for money never fight back - give him your money and stay alive!!
You fight only if your life or your family's is at risk. The graveyards are full of heroes....
5. Timing
Understand and train in the use of Timing. You must learn to utilize timing to your advantage.
If your evaluated decision or only option is to attempt to disarm an attacker, you must move quickly, decisively and
unsuspectingly to control and take the weapon away, like a magician that is trying to make a watch disappear off of
someone’s wrist.
6. Situational Awareness
Possess awareness of your surrounding environment. You must be aware of your surroundings at all times. An attacker seeks
the unaware and unsuspecting.
In every surrounding, make mental notes of potential escape routes, items that can be used as weapons and other people
that will be placed in harms way should a threat or conflict arise.
In the case of an attacker with a firearm, you must pay attention to where the bullet will be discharged if fired. Either
as a law enforcement officer with your partner or a civilian with a bystander or family member, you must know where others
are located when moving the weapon.
7. Post Conflict Details and Pre-conflict
Be ready for the post conflict. It has been found that people who have been attacked often do not remember the face of the
attacker even though they were looking right at it.
Remain calm and remember to visualize and take mental notes of details. Try to take a mental photograph of the attacker's
face, clothes, weapon, and any distinguishing marks on the person’s body or vehicle.
In conclusion we need to point out the key elements essential to these points are awareness, timing, speed and
understanding distance.
You must pay very close attention to controlling the weapon before any additional strikes or action.
Once the weapon is truly in your control then you can strike multiple targets as your style and situation delegates.
You must practice the techniques with each hand as well as under different types of stress levels i.e. cardio intensive
workouts.
Also change lighting and environments to follow real world scenarios.
Proper and continued training in these basic points of firearm defense may very well make the difference between life and
death when faced with real world threats.
And remember, as all martial arts teach, the art of war is the pre-conflict stage.
If you can, stay away from conflicts by avoiding the scene of conflict (e.g. girls, don’t go to up to Mike Tyson’s hotel
room after midnight …).
The best defense is to avoid the conflict!!!!
Article by Uri Kaffe
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INTERESTING STATISTICS ABOUT ISRAEL
The Middle East has been growing date palms for centuries. The average tree is about 18-20 feet tall and yields about
38 pounds of dates a year.
Israeli trees are now yielding 400 pounds/year and are short enough to be harvested from the ground or a short ladder.
Israel, the 100th smallest country, with less than 1/1000th of the world's population, can lay claim to the following:
The cell phone was developed in Israel by Israelis working in the Israeli branch of Motorola, which has its largest
development center in Israel.
Most of the Windows NT and XP operating systems were developed by Microsoft-Israel.
The Pentium MMX Chip technology was designed in Israel at Intel.
Both the Pentium-4 microprocessor and the Centrino processor were entirely designed, developed and produced in Israel.
The Pentium microprocessor in your computer was most likely made in Israel.
Voice mail technology was developed in Israel.
Both Microsoft and Cisco built their only R&D facilities outside the US in Israel.
The technology for the AOL Instant Messenger ICQ was developed in 1996 by four young Israelis.
Israel has the fourth largest air force in the world (after the U.S, Russia and China). In addition to a large variety
of other aircraft, Israel's air force has an aerial arsenal of over 250 F-16's.
This is the largest fleet of F-16 aircraft outside of the U.S.
Israel's $100 billion economy is larger than all of its immediate neighbors combined.
Israel has the highest percentage in the world of home computers per capita.
According to industry officials, Israel designed the airline industry's most impenetrable flight security. US officials
now look (finally) to Israel for advice on how to handle airborne security threats.
Israel has the highest ratio of university degrees to the population in the world.
Israel produces more scientific papers per capita than any other nation by a large margin - 109 per 10,000 people -- as
well as one of the highest per capita rates of patents filed.
In proportion to its population, Israel has the largest number of startup companies in the world. In absolute terms,
Israel has the largest number of startup companies than any other country in the world, except the U.S.
(3,500 companies mostly in hi-tech).
With more than 3,000 high-tech companies and startups, Israel has the highest concentration of hi-tech
companies in the world -- apart from the Silicon Valley, U.S. Israel is ranked #2 in the world for venture capital
funds right behind the U.S.
Outside the United States and Canada, Israel has the largest number of NASDAQ listed companies.
Israel has the highest average living standards in the Middle East. The per capita income in 2000 was over $17,500,
exceeding that of the UK. On a per capita basis, Israel has the largest number of biotech startups.
Twenty-four per cent of Israel's workforce holds university degrees, ranking third in the industrialized world, after
the United States and Holland and 12 per cent hold advanced degrees.
Israel is the only liberal democracy in the Middle East.
In 1984 and 1991, Israel airlifted a total of 22,000 Ethiopian Jews (Operation Solomon) at Risk in Ethiopia, to safety
in Israel.
When Golda Meir was elected Prime Minister of Israel in 1969, she became the world's second elected female leader in
modern times.
When the U.S. Embassy in Nairobi, Kenya was bombed in 1998, Israeli rescue teams were on the scene within a day -- and
saved three victims from the rubble.
Israel has the third highest rate of entrepreneurship -- and the highest rate among women and among people over 55 -
in the world.
Relative to its population, Israel is the largest immigrant-absorbing nation on earth. Immigrants come in search of
democracy, religious freedom, and economic opportunity. (Hundreds of thousands from the former Soviet Union)
Israel was the first nation in the world to adopt the Kimberly process, an international standard that certifies
diamonds as "conflict free".
Israel has the world's second highest per capita of new books.
Israel is the only country in the world that entered the 21st century with a net gain in its number of trees, made
more remarkable because this was achieved in an area considered mainly desert.
Israel has more museums per capita than any other country.
Medicine:
Israeli scientists developed the first fully computerized, no-radiation, diagnostic instrumentation for breast cancer.
An Israeli company developed a computerized system for ensuring proper administration of medications, thus removing
human error from medical treatment.
Every year in U.S. hospitals, 7,000 patients die from treatment mistakes.
Israel's Givun Imaging developed the first ingestible video camera, so small it fits inside apill. Used to view the
small intestine from the inside, cancer and digestive disorders.
Researchers in Israel developed a new device that directly helps the heart pump blood, an innovation with the potential
to save lives among those with heart failure. The new device is synchronized with the camera helps doctors diagnose
heart's mechanical operations through a sophisticated system of sensors.
Israel leads the world in the number of scientists and technicians in the workforce, with 145 per 10,000, as opposed
to 85 in the U. S., over 70 in Japan, and less than 60 in Germany.
With over 25% of its work force employed in technical professions, Israel places first in this category as well.
A new acne treatment developed in Israel, the ClearLight device, produces a high-intensity, ultraviolet-light-free,
narrow-band blue light that causes acne bacteria to self-destruct -- all without damaging surrounding skin or tissue.
An Israeli company was the first to develop and install a large-scale solar-powered and fully functional electricity
generating plant, in southern California's Mojave desert.
All the above while engaged in regular wars with an implacable enemy that seeks its destruction, and an economy
continuously under strain by having to spend more per capita on its own protection than any other county on earth.
Israel has the highest ratio of university degrees to the population in the world.
THE STATE OF ISRAEL . . . continues to EXCEL!
AND THE FRENCH AMBASSADOR IN ENGLAND SAYS
"ISRAEL IS NOTHING BUT A SHITTY LITTLE COUNTRY"
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ANALYZING ISRAELI MARTIAL ARTS
To understand Israeli martial arts you need to understand the history of Israel and why the art was developed in the
first place, and to see why it must continue to evolve. You need to understand the goal of the art.
No one can sit in Los Angeles or anywhere else and teach Israeli martial arts and claim to be the official system of
the Israeli army if they have never served a day in the Israeli army.
Remember, Israeli martial arts was a concept before it was a "martial art".
Israeli martial arts has a history that started in the late 1940s. During this time the Jewish people were under attack
and they were forced to fight, not so much for their culture or life style, but simply to survive. For this reason
Israeli martial arts do not use a belt system and we do not bow to one another, not because we don't respect our enemy,
but because we do.
This art was developed for "real life" survival, not for sport.
There are many famous people and others who aren't so famous who contributed to the history of the Israeli martial arts.
One of the most famous is Solomon Aruch whose life story was told in the movie "Triumph of the Spirit". Solomon Aruch had
to fight on a daily basis in Nazi concentration camps to be allowed to survive. The Nazis would arrange boxing matches and
he would be forced to win or die.
Their was Hana Senseh, a young Hungarian, a new immigrant, living in kibbutz 'Sdoth Yam' who was recruited to serve as a
paratrooper in the British Army. She fought against the Nazis, helping Jewish people in Hungary during world war two.
This young brave girl lost her life in this mission.
In addition, their was Oli Giveon, the commander of the Revengers Unit that fought the Nazis and was later responsible
for hunting down Nazi war criminals.
There are legendary fighters alive today such as Meir Har-Tzion, who helped found Paratroop Unit 101, the first Israeli
anti-terrorist unit. Of Meir Har-Tzion, Moshe Dayan said: "He was the bravest Jewish warrior since Bar Kochba. These and
many others are the people behind Israeli martial arts and CQB training".
The road to the development of Israeli martial arts and CQB has been a long bloody road, filled with the deaths of many
of those who helped to develop it. Only someone who has no comprehension of the true cost of its development, in terms of
human life, would think about owning it or using it for financial gain.
It is alive, used for everyday survival, not meant to become stagnant, stuck in the past.
This is why we fight so hard to see that no one person "owns" Israeli martial arts and CQB and why it cannot be
trademarked in Israel and why it should not be trademarked anywhere else in the world.
Israeli martial arts and CQB has no one owner or creator, it belongs to all who fought and lived and those who fought
and died and to those who continue to work to develop Israeli martial arts so that those who use it will survive to
fight another day.
As you study Israeli martial arts and CQB you need to understand the Israeli culture.
You need to know about Eli Cohen, the Egyptian born Jew,
who daringly attempted to infiltrate Syria, which at the time controlled the Golan Heights and frequently shelled the
Israeli settlers down below.
On May 18, 1965, the Government of Syria executed Eli Cohen, despite protests from world leaders and Israel.
He was never allowed a defense at his trial. He was brutally tortured during interrogation in defiance of international
humanitarian law and his body was never returned to his family. We are still fighting today to bring his body home to
Israel. You need to know about the 11 Israeli athletes who were murdered at the Olympic games in 1972 (see the movie
"One Day in September").
You should also know that the first victim of September 11th was Israeli, his name was Daniel Levin. He was in one of
the airplanes taken by the terrorists and he was the first person to fight the terrorist in an attempt to stop their
attack.
This is the history of the real Israeli martial arts and CQB, the spirit of fearlessness and determination, the back
bone from which the Israeli martial arts and CQB training derived. So, if you want to learn Israeli martial arts, you
must learn it with the same spirit and heart of those who developed it and continue to refine it.
Don't learn Israeli martial arts and CQB because you've seen what you think is Israeli martial arts done by some actor
in the movies or on T.V., and please don't fall for the marketing scams of those who know nothing about the spirit of the
real Israeli martial arts.
If you are truly interested in Israeli martial arts, read on and learn more about it.
The Development of Israeli KAPAP/CQB, unfortunately, Israel is the most experienced nation in the world when it comes
to terrorism and that is why it has developed one of the most valued CQB training systems in the world - the Israeli
martial art of KAPAP/CQB, whose history has been written in special ink, our blood.
The knowledge gained in developing the martial art of KAPAP/CQB came from not only the experience of successful
operations against terrorist attacks, but many times it came by making tragic mistakes. It was after these mistakes
occurred that better techniques were developed to avoid making the same tragic mistakes again. For this reason, the
Israeli martial art of KAPAP/CQB is about evaluation and evolution.
Even today, the weapons of warfare and self-defense have evolved from earlier techniques and strategies. For example,
a few hundred years ago the bow and arrow was a combat tool, while today we have guns - the bow and arrow of modern
times and of modern martial arts. Just as the arrow was once the edged weapon projected towards a target, it is now the
bullet that is the edged weapon. Instead of the bow as the force behind the delivering of the arrow, gunpowder now takes
on the same role to deliver the bullet.
That is why today, in the evolution of Israeli Martial arts such as KAPAP, we see guns being used as an integral part
of the training, especially when it comes to gun disarming. Gun retention, which should be taught as one unit together.
Not only is it important to know how to disarm a gun, but you must also know how to retain it, and if necessary, use it.
We see guns and firearms as martial arts! Israeli CQB training, as well as KAPAP, owes its development to many different
individuals. Though most of their names are missing from any list you will find, they have all contributed to the art
and that is why no one individual can claim sole ownership of having developed it.
As with any martial art, it is important to understand the origin of Israeli martial arts and to recognize the culture
from which it began.
For Israeli’s, the roots of Israeli CQB came from anti-Semitism and the Nazi’s desire to kill the Jews. It is the same
feeling that some radical Muslim groups have today against Jews. It is this climate of hatred that has given Israeli’s
their fighting spirit, fighting back in order to survive. This is what Israeli martial arts is all about - to do
whatever it takes to survive the fight.
For Israeli’s, the reality is that when you’re in a fight for your life it’s not important how good you look delivering
a spinning kick if there is a chance the technique will kill you. And why will it kill you?
Simply because the spinning back kick is useless and the person you were fighting against used ugly, but practical,
techniques to live another day.
Israeli KAPAP and Traditional Martial Arts KAPAP was the first CQB training introduced in Israel and was based on
stick fighting, knives, guns, and hand-to-hand and even stone throwing in the old days. The idea is to fight with
what you have available in your hand.
For instance, when people argue about what gun is the best gun to have or what knife is the best knife to have the
answer is obvious – the best gun or knife, or any weapon for that matter, is the one you have in your hand when you
need it.
This is also the main idea behind Israeli KAPAP/CQB. It was not developed to create a new Ryu and lots of "new" 10th
Dan grandmasters so that Israel could have a place in the international arena of martial arts.
That is why there are no uniforms or belts or ranks or even bowing to an opponent when sparring or training. All are
considered useless because they serve no purpose in an encounter involving a real, life-threatening situation.
An example of what occurs during a real encounter occurred last year with a martial artist who was shot to death during
a fight in parking lot. Although he was a kickboxing champion he lost his life to his assailant who shot him after
he tried to grab the assailant’s gun. Certainly, if it were a fight in the ring the martial artist probably would
have won the fight.
However, the fight was for his life and not for prize money. This is not to say that every encounter will end
successfully, but how you respond to a situation will depend on whether or not you have the ability to effectively
defend yourself or the mentality to accept the fact that it is okay to run away from a situation in order to stay
alive.
As mentioned earlier, Israeli KAPAP is based on evaluation and evolution, which must be done for every technique in
order to examine it, to see if it accomplishes what it is designed to accomplish.
In KAPAP, techniques are also evaluated to determine whether any soldier or police officer can do it and, for civilians,
whether they can be done by the weakest man or woman.
The techniques must also be easy to teach. If the individual or group has a very limited time to train, easier and
simpler techniques can be implemented to accommodate these training needs.
However, if there is time to train, better and more specific techniques are also taught.
Another important consideration for teaching KAPAP is liability. When teaching military personnel, you teach
soldiers to stay in the killing zone and continue the assault on the enemy. For a civilian, just the opposite applies.
If after disarming a knife an individual decides to stay in the fight and attempts to kill the attacker there
is a good chance that individual will be spending time in jail.
Also, when teaching police officers, there are other things to consider since just about every law enforcement
agency has a defensive tactics program that must not only be politically correct, but must also meet any legal
and medical requirements before being implemented.
So, although KAPAP is specific in its application it is still flexible enough to be used in any arena to meet
liability concerns.
Today, CQB is a modern martial art while traditional martial arts are considered older styles. It is when these
two are combined, the old with the new, that they can then be effective.
In essence, modern martial arts can't live without the traditional martial arts nor can the traditional martial
arts live without the modern martial arts.
The bottom line is, when some one is going to kick you your life is not at risk, only your ego.
However, when someone pulls a knife or points a gun at you, you need to know how, when and if you should act. If
someone says, “Give me your money” the best defense is to give him your money. If the encounter becomes more life
threatening then you must also defend yourself. The question is - do you have the tools to know what to do and how
to do it? The Israeli martial art of KAPAP is the self-defense system that can provide you with these tools when
your life, not your ego, is on the line.
Introduction to Close Quarters Battle (CQB) CQB can be described as combat taking place within buildings, cars,
hallways, stairwells, rooms, enclosures, and other constricted spaces.
Although CQB training first started with military and law enforcement personnel, it is now being taught to security
unit personnel and civilians.
CQB is important to security forces because the techniques associated with CQB serve as the foundation for recapture
tactics.
As a result, security units and their personnel must have the ability to respond to a “worst case scenario” by
recapturing the asset that it is protecting.
CQB can involve - individually or collectively, hand-to-hand combat, weapons, and more. As a result, we need to be
proficient with every move. For instance, with hand-to-hand combat we cannot assume that the enemy will freeze up
when we engage him. We need to think that he will counter our moves so we need to consider this and be ready for it in
the fight – whether it is with a firearm or with a knife.
That is why in KAPAP we include these elements as a part of the hand-to-hand combat program.
Violent Confrontation:
this term is used to describe a meeting of two or more combatants (even if one or more is passive) where there is the
potential for or actual use of extreme destructive force. This type of confrontation usually occurs at close range in
a short amount of time.
The SOP 9 Study:
this study was conducted in New York and examined every shot fired in the line of duty by law enforcement officials
during the course of one year. Out of a total of 2,047 shots fired that year only 217 actually hit their intended
targets and only 10 percent of these shots hit vital organs.
During interviews with the officers involved in these shootings the majority of them commented that they never even
acquired their front sights when they engaged their target.
Additionally, these officers also experienced some or all of the following:
The confrontations took place at the range of ten feet or less with duration of less than four seconds. During this
time, fewer than five rounds were fired.
* The typical response was from the holster.
* A sudden feeling of shock and surprise overwhelmed the officers.
The end result of this study showed that the police officers were NOT trained properly enough to handle these of life
and death situations.
Now, can you imagine what it would be like for a civilian who has even less training than these officers? That is why,
for civilians, realistic training is needed and should be conducted by experienced firearms instructors.
THINGS TO CONSIDER:
Psychological Aspects:
Under severe stress, the normal mental processes become extremely difficult and the mind resorts to its most basic
processes.
The following are examples of psychological effects you may experience during a combat situation or any other high
stress situation:
1. Tunnel vision:
Under extreme stress your attention will primarily be focused on the greatest threat and, as a result, you will have
a temporary loss of peripheral vision.
2. Auditory Exclusion:
As with tunnel vision, you will focus on the greatest threat and will have the inability to hear for a period of time.
For instance, you will probably not hear anyone shouting at you.
3. Electro Dermal Stimulation:
A reaction of the skin that makes the hair stand up on the arms and the back of neck.
4. Time/Space Compression:
There will be a slow down in the perceived passage of time and a shift in perceived spatial relationship in times of
high stress. This is caused by the inability to judge speed and distance and accurately balance the two. Also, you
may experience a slowing down of time. In other words, everybody will seem to move in slow motion.
5. Mental Track:
In most high stress situations, to include life and death situations, a person’s ability to keep track of the details
of the situation taking place around him becomes nearly impossible. In most police shootings, a police officer being
debriefed after an engagement does not usually remember how many rounds that he fired. This can happen even in training.
Therefore, as a shooter, you must learn to beware of the number of rounds you fired so the weapon does not run completely
dry in the middle of a firefight. This concept of awareness not only applies to a shooting situation, but also applies to
hand-to-hand combat and edged weapons.
Physiological Aspects:
Regardless of how much training an individual has certain studies, along with the SOP 9 study; show that during a
combat situation, one or more physical changes take place in an individual’s body. That is why proper training is
necessary to help minimize certain aspects.
The following are examples of physiological effects you may experience during a combat situation or any other high
stress situation:
1. Pulse and Breathing:
In any excitable situation, pulse and breathing will always be affected. Your heart rate increases and your breathing
becomes rapid and shallow.
2. Adrenaline:
This is nothing more than a hormone that stimulates involuntary nerve action. The amount of stress you are placed under
will depend on the amount of adrenaline released into the system. When adrenaline is released into the body, it stimulates
the muscles. This causes them to tighten. Depending on the individual and the situation, this is more than adequate to
affect an individual’s shooting position or fighting position.
3. Coordination and Reflexes:
Under any type of stress hand and eye coordination degrade severely, especially the coordination of the hand and fingers.
The Chemical Cocktail reactions just discussed are the result of the body’s survival response to a potentially lethal
situation. When suddenly placed in a life-threatening situation, the body will dump the below listed chemicals into the
bloodstream and mix with sodium. This “chemical cocktail” creates an imbalance characterized by general muscle tightening
and loss of fine motor skills.
This chemical cocktail includes:
1. Epinephrine:
An adrenal hormone that stimulates automatic nerve action (fight).
2. Nor – Epinephrine:
A hormone that is formed naturally in the body’s nerve endings during times of fear (flight).
3. Cortazol:
A crystalline hormone released to the body’s nerve endings during times of fear (fight).
The body’s reaction:
The body’s response to this imbalance by releasing potassium to counteract the effects of the
sodium. However, this process takes time and slows our ability to react. As a result, we must always seek to minimize
the impact that this chemical cocktail has on us in order to improve our reaction times. We can do this by training to
maintain the proper “mindset”.
Mindset is a term used to describe an individual’s state of mental readiness to act or react to a stimulus in our
environment that ensures survival. This proper combat mindset is neither learned nor can it be taught, it must be
developed from within. The tools you need for proper combat mindset can only be exposed in a schoolhouse environment
to help you to develop yourself.
The Breakdown of the Mind:
Conscious Mind:
The conscious mind is the thinking part of the mind. It takes seconds to make decisions when using this part of the
brain. In any type of combat situation the conscious mind’s decision making process is too slow to keep you alive.
The conscious mind is a hindrance causing you to have to react to every situation instead of acting.
Sub-Conscious Mind:
Reacts to situations. This part of the mind works in quarter seconds, which is much faster than the conscious mind.
It has to be trained in order for it to work properly.
When training, the skills being learned need not only to be simple, but sound and effective.
The sub-conscious mind is only developed through proper repetition (muscle memory) in training.
You must strive for perfection each and every repetition.
If you train poorly, or if the training is too complicated or too detailed, when the sub-conscious mind takes over it
will not be able to respond properly to the situation. What occurs is the conscious mind identifies the situation,
realizes it cannot handle it, and then turns it over to the sub-conscious mind to react.
That is why we say that in any type of combat situation a person must rely on his training in order to survive.
The Optimum Combat Mindset:
Optimum combat mindset is the state of mind where you have prepared yourself mentally (both consciously and sub
consciously), physically, emotionally, tactically, and technically to endure the rigors of combat for prolonged
periods of time and under extremely adverse conditions, and still remain effective.
Developing a Combat Mindset:
Like the body, the mind needs to be conditioned to respond or function properly in combat. When faced with a combat
situation you want your mind to be free of distractions so that all of your focus is on the mission at hand – such
as getting out of a situation and if it’s at the killing zone, killing the enemy and surviving the encounter).
You need to be mentally prepared for death and injury and you need to go into the fight prepared for the worst. For
instance, if you find yourself in a knife fight you should expect to get cut or if you go into a shooting you should
expect to get shot.
Remember, response time is a critical factor in surviving a violent confrontation in a CQB environment. Do not waste
time analyzing and second-guessing in an attempt to make the best possible decision. The time that is saved in the
thought process will in turn save your life as you fight to end the fight.
One of the most important things to remember is do not forget the One Plus Rule – if you get into a fight hand to hand,
think he could have a knife, if he has a knife, he could have another one or a gun.
All the time keep alert and one step ahead!
Make Kapap Academy rules and Swords of Wisdom as a way of life.
The first rule is that there are no rules....
Kapap Academy "Swords Of Wisdom".
Kapap instructors don’t like to be called experts - Remember Noah's ark was build by "amateur’s" whilst Titanic was
build by "experts".
Keep it simple.
KAPAP - Martial arts that teach Traditional - Cultural - Contemporary Research and Explore!
Personal - teaching evaluation of techniques with no conflicts.
Most People talk, we like to do!
Fearlessness and Determination are the key to the fighting Spirit, the key to winnning the fight!
Israeli martial arts and CQB, a concept before it was a martial art.
Always a student, sometimes a teacher.
Better a student of reality than a master of illusion.
Any weapon – one mind.
Edged weapons do not run out of ammunition and they never jam.
If you fight an edged weapon assume that you may get cut.
There are two kinds of fights: for your ego or for your life. Kapap is for the fight for your life.
KAPAP agenda - we look for quality not quantity!
Because of the experience - no one can fight with experience. Find a good teacher!
Everyone has a plan until they get hit.
Kapap-Krav Panim El Panim - The next step in Israeli martial arts.
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KAPAP TRIANGLE
“Fighting to End the Fight“
Understanding the mind set of “fearless and determination”!
Combat condition:
In order to analyze how a person functions during combat and under stress, it is important to understand the mental
and physical states that a person may experience beforehand at the Pre-Conflict stage. One example of such a mental
state can be described as Combat Anxiety - defined as "the anticipation of danger". This anticipation may lead to a
gradual deterioration of both mental and physical skills.
This type of condition is typical mindset of any person that finds himself in a survival conflict (rape, mugging,
attacked, war, etc’).
Combat Anxiety can manifest itself in several ways:
A. During the Conflict as combat stress - objective fear perceptions including a person having
fear of death, injury, killing, incorrect decision-making, failure, or just fear by itself.
B. Post conflict as the survival stress - deals with the post event mental & physiological
symptoms known as "backlash", which may distort the memory.
As the ability to predict fear increases, so does the pre-conflict level of arousal. Once you feel threatened, your
level of arousal is not under your voluntary control. However; your perception of the threat level and your behavior
during levels of high arousal can be strongly influenced by training you receive prior to the threatening situation.
Our arousal is controlled by our autonomic nervous system, which operates automatically in the same way that we breathe
and our heart beats automatically. Our autonomic nervous system has two parts; the parasympathetic part is operational
under no threat conditions. However, under threat conditions, the sympathetic part will switch on and cause profound
changes in our body that prepare us to do one of three survival behaviors:
Fight, Flight, Freeze
The profound changes that take place in your body during high arousal states will not only influence behavior, but also
you’re thinking processes during the event as well as your memory of the event.
Unlike fight or flight which is an instinctual behavior and is designed to help you survive a conflict, freezing is
extremely dangerous and must be avoided in any shape.
Backlash effect, which is known as vasodilatation will increase the normal blood flow Therefore, it is critical
that all gunshot / knife wounds be treated as soon as possible. If a wound is bleeding excessively during stress
activation (sympathetic nervous system), it indicates arterial bleeding and appropriate countermeasures (such as
pressure point and/or tourniquet) should be given strong consideration.
Backlash effect can also slow down the visual process. It reduces oxygen delivery to the photoreceptors,
especially to the cones. This in turn, results in a temporary loss or distortion of a person's vision.
All perceptual senses, (sight, sound, touch taste, smell and the sixth sense), provides the brain with a constant
flow of information. However, when the brain becomes focused on an activity or a threat, the brain will "tune in"
to the sensory system that provides the most relevant information at that given second. Other sensory inputs will
be "tuned out" by the brain because they lack immediate significance for the victim at that given second.
This is a phenomenon referred to as
perceptual narrowing or
selective attention. As a result, the
brain stops processing information from the other senses, particularly the auditory or hearing system. This is
referred to as
auditory exclusion.
Each of these physiological changes will affect combat performance as it relates to our vision, our ability to
perform basic motor skills, and our ability to cognitively process information, accuracy skills and a significant
increase in reaction time.
When stress (activates the SNS) arousal occurs, these negative effects upon vision cannot be avoided, but they
can be minimized through proper training. For example, training to pivot the head, rather than just darting their
eyes, in order to compensate for tunnel vision. In addition, shooting programs can emphasize instinctive shooting
techniques that reduce the need to rely on the gun sights when firing at close range.
Combat Fitness is recognized as an integral component of survival and use of force training. The combination of
aerobic (cardio/respiratory) and anaerobic (strength) conditioning not only enhances a person's ability to control
a subject and survive, but contributes to long term health.
This information is based on a research of case studies from Israel’s leading tactical unit- Elite Counter
Terrorist Unit, where the modern Kapap combat system was developed. While examining the most common techniques
and the most common types of resistance encountered, our mission was to find the best suitable combat system
based on limited budget, time spent on training and complexity of the training program. Addressing these goals
for both the civilian and law enforcement community, it was also vitally important that our program be defensible
in court in the post conflict stage if need be.
The training must be based on research and focus on examining performance under stress.
Kapap practitioners discovered that when one’s fine and complex motor skills are being trained constantly in a
specific way, they immediately affect the performance of the gross motor skills that are used naturally by our
body in a combat (stressful) situation, thus enhancing the overall performance and ability to overcome any threat
situation with an increased probability of survival.
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Many thanks to Kapapacademy.com for the information published on this page.
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